These wooden boards are widely utilized for making door frames, window sashes, interior trim and sophisticated carpentry. In fact, white pine yields the most useful softwood boards in the eastern regions of North America. The timber or soft wood obtained from white pines is used for several purposes, including making furniture, cabinets, finishing interiors, matches, wooden items and even boards. The color of white pine timber ranges from creamy white to light yellow at times having distinct orange colored growth rings (a layer of wood developed in a plant during a single period of growth). White pine provides timber that is soft to moderate in compactness. White pine trees are also valued for their light and evenly-grained timber that can be worked on without much trouble and are not tough. However, presently, people generally do not use white pine as an astringent there has been hardly any recent research on this aspect of the tree to confirm the benefits of white pine as an astringent. Several researches have shown that the expectorant property of the inner bark helps to comfort the aggravated mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and hence, people suffering from cough and cold derive great benefits when they take medications containing the inner bark of white pine. Therefore, it is common to find many cough medications containing the inner bark of white pine as a vital ingredient. One of the major uses of the inner bark of this species is its utility as an effective expectorant. White pine trees possess numerous remedial properties. Early European settlers in North America were convinced by the remedial properties of the white pine and took on many of the medicinal practices of the Indians vis-�-vis the white pine. The native Indians also boiled the resin or gum obtained from the white pine and administered to patients to alleviate rheumatism, while syrup prepared with the resin was used to treat colds. The inner bark of the white pine encloses substantial mucilage that works to relax the mucous membranes coating the respiratory tract and also facilitates slackening off phlegm (the coagulated mucus secreted in the respiratory passages) in order to get rid of it by coughing. The inner bark was also used as an important ingredient in medications to cure coughs. However, the native Indians primarily drenched the inner bark of the white pine in water and applied the liquid externally as a comforting plaster to heal wounds. They boiled an extract obtained from the inner bark that encloses some amount of tannin as an astringent and consumed the liquid to treat diarrhea. For the native Indians of North America, the white pine tree was a valuable medicinal resource. Interestingly, when the American Revolution broke out, the white pine tree was used as an insignia on the first flag of the Revolutionary army. However, when the then British government (crown) decreed that the tallest trees ought to be spared for making the mast wood for its navy, the colonial settlers pilfered the pine for their personal use under the cover of darkness at night. The tough, light timber was considered to be an exceptional construction material and the early settlers in North America sent large amounts of it to their homeland in Europe. The growth of white pine in the forests of northeast America were so impenetrable several forerunners asserted that if a squirrel got up on one tree, it could travel without having to come down from the trees throughout its life.
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